Monday, 24 September 2007

Week 11

Chapter 6 - Research and Evaluation in Public Relations: theory and practice / edited by Jane Johnston and Clara Zawawi

I think the key points to remember from this week’s readings were:

- research is undertaken at all stages of the PR process. PR research focuses on understanding the environment within which the organisation operates (Information about the needs or attitudes of their target publics or stakeholders, strenghts and weaknesses of their competitors, the environmental or political issues that could affect their success)

- the information gathered during the initial research phase provides input into the planning of a communication program

- Budgets must be justified, monitored and accounted for

- Time, money and the availability of human resources are three of the most difficult abstacles standing in the way of a thorough research programm

- Goal- and objective-seeting for both the research tasks and the communication programm is a significant part of the planing process

- Input research requires clarifying the organisation’s objectives, getting as much info on the organisation as possible, gathering info on the situation and understanding the current opinions and attitudes being held by the target group

- Output research can reflect on the delivery of messages, allowing the practitioner to fine-tune, alter or modify the plan as it is implemented, achieving greater success with PR outcomes

- Outcome research not only indicates the level of success or failure but can demonstrate how effective planning and communication have been. This information can be used in the input phase of the next planing cycle


The readings made me think more about PR theory/practice that:

the use of research at any stage of PR practice is the main determinant of wether the practitioner functions as a professional or a technician. Effective strategic management demands informed and sound judgment based on researched findings.
The practitioner should have a clear understanding of the publics that must be addressed and the type of message or messages that must be given to these publics. He also has to know where and through what communication medium the publics can be found and targeted.

Wednesday, 19 September 2007

Week 10

Chapters 7 and 8 - Strategy, Planing and Scheduling/Tactics in Public Relations: theory and practice / edited by Jane Johnston and Clara Zawawi


I think the key points to remember from this week's reading are:

- strategy is a series of planned activities designed and integrated to achieve a stated organisational goal
- the first strategic move often needs to be made internally
- the public relations role must operate within the decision-maing dominant coalition of the organisation

Stages of the strategic process in PR are:
-the creation of organisational vision and mission statements
-creation of PR vision and mission statements
-establishment of performance indicators
-budgeting
-writing a strategic PR plan
-scheduling a PR plan activities

-The writer of an effective strategic communication plan must always remain conscious of the principles of effective communication, by beeing open, honest, two-way, responsive, receiver-oriented, timely, clear, consistent and comprehensive

- Tactics can be broken up into two major groups: controlled and uncontrolled
- Controlled tactics are those over which the PR practitioner maintains control of every aspect of the process, from message creation and crafting to final distribution (posters, brochures, direct mail, advertorial...)
- Uncontrolled tactics are those that can be altered or even blocked (media relations)

- Methods of delivery: mail, faxes, news distribution agencies, email, CD-ROM, couriers, videos, video-conferencing, personal delivery, websites.
--> each of these options has advantages and disadvantages that should be considered

- New Technologies largely evolving on the internet allow a platform for new tactics such as chat rooms, Q&A’s, video streaming and even podcasts to be available on an organisation’s website

The readings made me think more about PR theory/practice:

in the many varied tactics that can be involved in a PR campaign. It is therefore necessary to be well-considered before employing them. There is no guaranteed correct set of tactics that will ensure successful implementation of a public relations campaign. It can be seen that the strategy and tactics in PR campaigns must be selected with regard to target audiences, their appropriateness, advantages and disadvantages and the available budget.

Wednesday, 12 September 2007

Week 9

Ch. 13 - Sponsorship and Event Management in Public Relations: theory and practice / edited by Jane Johnston and Clara Zawawi.

The key points to remember from this week's readings are:

- Sponsorship is the purchase of specific rights and benefits associated with an event, organisation or individual. It should not be confused with donations, philanthropy or bequests.

- Sponsorship can generate goodwill and provides opportunities to enhance the image and reputation of the organisation by association

- Events are a chance for PR practitioners to exercise their creative abilities

- Sponsorship provides a focal point for sales and marketing, offers high visibility to potential customers and can generate media coverage

- There are different types of sponsorship:
- philantropic sponsorship is as close to a donation as sponsorship can get. It is usually community-based
- corporate sponsorship of an event or activity not normally linked to the sponsoring company's gerneral business
- marketing sponsorship is the most popular form of sponsorship, and is a common inclusion as a cost-effectvie sales and marketig strategy. Cash and goods are offered in return for tangible revenue-orientated results. It is primarily used to promote products and services to targeted market segments and/ or used primarily to reinforce a product, brand or promote sales activities

- Understanding the motives and goals of the target audience is crucial when writing a sponsorship proposal

- Ambush marketing can destroy the concept of sposorship and the viability of some evets

- To create a successful event four steps have to be followed:
1) Feasibility
2) Planing
3) Execution (critical path)
4) Evaluation (debriefing meeting, event assessment, business activity assessment)


The readings made me think more about PR theory/practice in that:

that it is really important to plan your sponsorship as good as possible. The effects can be huge. I think also that the right idea for a special sponsorship can be ore important than the money you spent on. Sometimes a weird, but interesting and creative idea can reach a bigger audience than a expensive, but simple one.

Tuesday, 4 September 2007

Comments

on sakshi's blog for Week 2
on ashley hilton's blog for Week 3

on em's blog for Week 8

Week 8

Sallot, M. and Johnson, A. (2006) To contact... or not? Investigating journalists' assessments of public relations subsidies and contact preferences

- the closer the correspondence between the practitioner’s subsidy and the journalist’s story expectations, the greater the probability of placement

- in the study, journalists complained that:
a) practitioners lacked news sense, values, accurancy, timeliness and style of presentation
b) practitioners lacked a local angle
c) practitioners' offering information were overtly and overly self-serving
d) practitioners lacked ethics

- majority of journalists preferred to be contacted by email


The Importance of Writing Skills by Kurt Wise in Public Relations Quarterly; Summer 2005; 50; 2; ABI/INFORM Global. pg. 37

- writing is an essential public relations skill
- mistakes in grammar, as well as run-on sentences ans paragraph structures, are the biggest problem
- Both, objective and persuative writing is important
- Writing for the Web is a different style of writing
- good writers can change their writing style for audience
- a press release is not an advertisement


The reading made me think more about PR theory/practice in that:
writing is the most important aspect in the relationship between journalists and PR practitioners. It is essential to improve the writing skills.
My experiences show me also that it is nessecary to find a good a relevant heading. You stop reading if the topic or the beginnig is boring.

Wednesday, 29 August 2007

Commenting on Alice Harrison's blog

here is her blog...

Week 7

I think the key points to remember from this week's reading were:

- media relations is one of the best-known elements of PR
- the term media relations is often used synonymously with publicity
- cross-media ownership means the ownership of different mediums in the one location by the same company
- convergence in media platforms has the benefit of enabling them to reach wider and more varied audiences with the same message
- in mainstream media, greater concentration menas fewer major outlets
- Clippings files can be important for research
- new values: impact, conflict, timeliness, proximity, prominence, currency, human interest, unusual, money
- media outlets run to strict and inflexible deadlines and these vary with the type of medium, the complexity, location and regularity of production
- because of the flexible deadline, radio is an important news outlet for breaking news stories
- practitioners have to be familiar with all styles and deadlines and work well within them. This could result in: 1) assist the media as information providers, 2) maximise the chances of gaining exposure for their organisation
- two things are important in knowing the newsroom: 1) understand the personnel make-up of a newsroom, 2) know the names and roles of the journalist within the newsroom
- most newsrooms are characterised by a basic hierarchy
- getting to know the media is also a useful starting point in keeping negative publicity to a minimum
- practitioners should always consider the mediums's particular needs
- the primary purpose of media selection is getting a message to a specific audience
- selecting the best media for the message is extremly important, therefore practitioners must know precisely who they want to hget their message across to
- communication tools: media release, media kit and media conferences
- media release has to be well written, the content should be newsworthy and that it reach the right media person at the right time
- media conferences: it is important to know why they are held, when and where to hold them and finally who to invite

The readings made me think more about PR theory/practice in that:

media relations is an absolutely essential element of PR. As a practitioner it is necessary to know the newsrooms. This can help in future crisis management.

Wednesday, 22 August 2007

Tuesday, 21 August 2007

Week 6

I think the key points to remember from this week's reading were:


- PR practitioners need to take an active role in developing strategies to minimise the legal risks
- therefore they need basis knowledge on several bodies of law
- the tort of defamation aims to protect a person's reputation

- to bring an action in defamation a person must show that:
> the material was published
> they were identified in the publication
> the publication was defamatory

- there are three tests for defamation:
> the publication exposed the plaintiff to hatred, contempt or ridicule
> it lowered the plaintiff in the eyes of right-thinking memebers of the community
> it caused the plaintiff to be shunned or avoided, without moral blame

- In deciding whether a publication is defamatory, the publisher's intention is irrelevant
- A publisher is anyone involved in the publication of material
- Ignorance of the law is no reason for breaking it
- a legal win can ot be equate to a PR win
- fair comment is designed to allow people to express opinions. The law recognises that a fair comment should not be prohibited, provided the comment is a comment and not an assertion of fact.
- Privilege protects a person from liability for the publication of defamatory material
- Before you start a legal action, you hae to analyze the effects
- Copyright is a set of exclusive rights and it PR has to be aware of it
- PR has to make sure that it won't lead to a violation of law
- Essential igredients of a contract: the offer, acceptance of that offer, considerations
- Ethics has to be the responsibility of all descision-makers and has to be part of mainstream management
- management systems need to institutionalise transparency and responsiveness
- ethical concepts are rapidly becoming more important


The readings made me think more about PR theory/practice in that:

- it has a lot to do with law. He has to respect other's copyrights and also secure his own
- Ethics has a huge role in PR strategies. In that fact it is also interesting what Turnbull says. He 'posits that the most successful organisations in the next decades will be those which build trust by aspiriing to authenticity and practisind transperency' (Johnston and Zawawi, 2004)

Monday, 13 August 2007

Week 5

Ch. 7 Johnston and Zawawi Strategy, Planning and Scheduling
Ch. 4 Tymson, Lazar and Lazar A Typical Public Relations Program

I think the key points to remember from this week’s readings were:

- The stages of the strategic process in public relations are:
> creation of organisational vision and mission statements
> creation of PR vision and mission statements
> establishment of performance indicators
> budgeting
> writing of a strategic public relations plan
> scheduling of public relations plan activities

- strategy is a series of planned activities designed and integrated to achieve a stated organisational goal
- strategy is not a series of campaign steps or tactics
- planing is a extremely important part of managing strategic public relations
- Key Performance Indicators (KPI) are financial and non-financial metrics used to quantify objectives to reflect strategic performance of an organization
- KPI´s need to be: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Timely
- Methods of Research: postal techniques, telephone interviewing, structured and unstructured personal interviews, group discussions, audits and panels, multiple client surveys, telecommunications, omnibus, media

- The ten-point structure of the strategic relations plan:
> excutive summary
> vision and mission
> background and situation analaysis (SWOT)
> define strategy
> define publics
> define main message
> select tactics and communication methods
> implementation and scheduling
> monitoring and evaluation
> budget

The readings made me think more about PR theory/practice in that...:

- how important it is to define publics and main messages as clearly as possible. I think this is the base for a successful PR-strategy.
- no plan can succeed without successful and efficient budgeting. Is it really all about the money?

Tuesday, 7 August 2007

Week 4

I think the key points to remember from this week's reading were:

- Two areas of PR practice that are highly valued by business leaders are:
  • internal public relations
  • community relations
--> these relations should be the first and second priority respectively in PR practice.

- a relatively simple employee relations issue could easily become a crisis of major proportions
- goodwill within the community is now being given top priority
- having employees as goodwill ambassadors of the company is a concept that has often been under-estimated
- a company has to respect its employees as 'thinking individuals'
- the principal factor in the success of the case studies in community relations is employee relations
- businesses must genuinely care for the people who make their business work
- Internal publics comprise two main groups: organisation´s employees, association´s members - If employees understand the company and their role in it, they are more likly to supoort organisation´s goals. Another way is to include them in the decision-making process.
- face-to-face communication is the best way of communicating with employees
- employees want to get their information from their immediate supervisor

The readings made me think more about...:

the power employees have. 'One unhappy employee has the potential to damage a company´s polished image in the community' [p.288]. I think this is the most impressive sentence in this reading. I think many companys should realise that, ´cause it´s a huge danger. Otherwise ... but if you have 2000 employees or more, how you can control the fact that all employees are happy?
The 'Insider Info' Chapter was very interesting. It shows us some real facts and the life of PR practitioners. I never thought PR is so complex.

Tuesday, 31 July 2007

Week 3

I think the key points to remember from this weeks required readings are:

- agenda setting indicates that, although the news media do not tell you what to think, they do strongly influence what you think about.
- that there are various theories involved with Public Relations. Many companies use all these theories of public relations depending on the circumstances involved.
- The fact that public relations theory is at a crossroads and needs more practical studies and frameworks to help in the application of public relations is a very interesting point
- Good PR needs public interest and acceptance
- PR is a difficult, contested and controversial area of study
- Globalisation is strongly combined with the work of a PR practitioner

The reading let me think of powerful organisations, which influence the way we think. Is it like a 'Big Brother', who decides what happens next? In fact of this it is important that we are able to understand the theorys. The difference between them help us to become clearer about the kinds of PR practices.

Week 2

I think the key points were:

- Public relations encompassed much more than you realise
- it´s practitioners could work in such a diverse range of areas
- the PRIA represent all communications professionals in Australia
- a PR practitioner must rely on a great number of talents and skills
- the profession is dominated by woman, this is also the trend
- second trend is the emergent practice of working from home
- Public relations is not advertising or marketing, but it´s often mixed up
- one of the big differences between marketing and PR is that marketing has a profit focus, which does not neccessarily apply to PR.
- the focus of quality education in PR needs a combination of theoretical and practical input

It is interesting to see, how PR profession was introduced to australia. I never thought that the US had such a big roll in it. I think this reading has been a good starting point to understand the subject. It made me think about the PR theory practise, which involves marketing, sales and other professions. I also ever thought that PR is such a big profession, but i like the fact that it´s encompassed much more.

Wednesday, 25 July 2007

First Post

Welcome to my blog. I hope you like it....